Revisión sistemática de la evaluación de la mentoría social dirigida a jóvenes vulnerables

Anna Sánchez-Aragón; Angel Belzunegui-Eraso; Òscar Prieto-Flores

doi:10.14198/OBETS2021.16.2.16

Autores/as

Anna Sánchez-Aragón Universidad Rovira i Virgili, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9165-651X
Angel Belzunegui-Eraso Universidad Rovira i Virgili, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6355-1593
Òscar Prieto-Flores Universidad de Girona, España https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4162-6109

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/OBETS2021.16.2.16

Palabras clave:

mentoría social, jóvenes vulnerables, evaluación, RCT, métodos mixtos

Resumen

Este artículo ofrece una revisión sistemática de las distintas metodologías, técnicas y estrategias en la investigación evaluativa de la mentoría social dirigida a jóvenes vulnerables. Se analizan treinta y cinco evaluaciones de programas durante la década 2010-2020. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el uso mayoritario de una metodología experimental con ensayos controlados y aleatorizados. Este tratamiento metodológico se está viendo progresivamente complementado por la incorporación de investigaciones cualitativas centradas en entender la experiencia de los jóvenes dentro de ella. En base a estos resultados, se plantea la pluralidad de métodos como alternativa en el campo de la mentoría y se destaca la necesidad de contar con estudios que informen sobre la calidad del proceso.

Financiación

Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fondo Social Europeo

Citas

* Barrett Cox, A. (2017). Cohorts, "siblings" and mentors. Organizational structures and the creation of social capital. Sociology of Education, 90(1), 47-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038040716681053

* Brady, B., Dolan, P., & Canavan, J. (2017). 'He told me to calm down and all that': A qualitative study of forms of social support in youth mentoring relationships. Child & Family Social Work, 22(1), 266-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12235

Brady, B., & O'Regan, C. (2009). Meeting the challenge of doing an RCT evaluation of youth mentoring in Ireland: A journey in mixed methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3(3), 265-280. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689809335973

Brumovská, T., & Seidlová Málková, G. (2020). The methodological issues in the assessment of the quality and benefits of formal youth mentoring interventions: The case of the Czech Big Brothers Big Sisters/Pět P. En Ò. Prieto-Flores y J. Feu (Eds.), Mentoring Children and Young People for Social Inclusion: Global Approaches to Empowerment. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429345951-7

* Ciocanel, O., Power, K., Eriksen, A., & Gillings, K. (2017). Effectiveness of positive youth development interventions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 483-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0555-6

* Curtin, C., Humphrey, K., Vronsky, K., Mattern, K., Nicastro, S., & Perrin, E.C. (2016). Expanding horizons: a pilot mentoring program linking college/graduate students and teens with ASD. Clinical Pediatrics, 55(2), 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922815588821

Deutsch, N., & Spencer, R. (2009). Capturing the magic: assessing the quality of youth mentoring relationships. New Directions for Youth Development: Theory, Practice and Research, 121, 47-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.296

* Dolan, P., Brady, B., O'Regan, C., Canavan, J., Russell, D., & Forkan, C. (2011). Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) of Ireland: Evaluation study. Report 1: Randomised Controlled Trial and Implementation Report: UNESCO Child and Family Research Centre on behalf of Foróige: Galway, Ireland.

DuBois, D. L., Holloway, B. E., Valentine, J. C., & Cooper, H. (2002). Effectiveness of mentoring programs for youth: A meta-analytic review. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30(2), 157-197. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014628810714

DuBois, D. L., & Karcher, M. J. (2005). Youth Mentoring: Theory, Research and Practice. En D. L. DuBois & M. J. Karcher (Eds.), Handbook of youth mentoring (2-11). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412976664.n1

* DuBois, D. L., Portillo, N., Rhodes, J. E., Silverthorn, N., & Valentine, J. C. (2011). How effective are mentoring programs for youth? A systematic assessment of the evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 12(2), 57-91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100611414806

DuBois, D. L., & Silverthorn N. (2005). Natural mentoring relationships and adolescent health: evidence from a national study. American Journal of Public Health, 95(3), 518-525. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2003.031476

* Dutton, H., Deane, K. L., & Bullen, P. (2018). Distal and experiential perspectives of relationship quality from mentors, mentees, and program staff in a school-based youth mentoring program. Children and Youth Services Review, 85, 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.12.008

* Erdem, G., DuBois, D. L., Larose, S., De Wit, D., & Lipman, E. L. (2016). Mentoring relationships, positive development, youth emotional and behavioral problems: Investigation of a mediational model. Journal of Community Psychology, 44(4), 464-483. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21782

* Griffith, A. N., Hurd, N. M., & Hussain, S. B. (2019) "I didn't come to school for this": A qualitative examination of experiences with race-related stressors and coping responses among black students attending a predominantly white institution. Journal of Adolescent Research, 34(2) 115-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558417742983

Harris, J. T., & Nakkula, M. J. (2018). Match Characteristics Questionnaire (MCQ) [Unpublished measure]. Applied Research Consulting.

* Hurd, N. M., Sánchez, B., Zimmerman, M. A., & Caldwell, C. H. (2012). Natural mentors, racial identity, and educational attainment among African American adolescents: Exploring pathways to success. Child Development, 83(4), 1196-1212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01769.x

* Kanchewa, S. S., Rhodes, J. E., Schwartz, S. E. O., & Olsho, L. E. W. (2014). An investigation of same- versus cross-gender matching for boys in formal school-based mentoring programs. Applied Developmental Science, 18(1), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2014.876251

* Kolakowsky-Hayner, S. A., Wright, J., Shem, K., Medel, R., & Duong, T. (2012). An effective community-based mentoring program for return to work and school after brain and spinal cord injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 31(1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-2012-0775

* Kuperminc, G. P., Thomason, J., DiMeo, M., & Broomfield-Massey, K. (2011). Cool Girls, Inc.: Promoting the positive development of urban preadolescent and early adolescent girls. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 32, 171-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-011-0243-y

* Kupersmidt, J. B., Stump, K. N., Stelter, R. L., & Rhodes, J. E. (2017). Mentoring program practices as predictors of match longevity. Journal of Community Psychology, 45(5), 630-645. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21883

* Liao, C. L., & Sánchez, B. (2015). An exploratory study of the role of mentoring in the acculturation of Latino/a youth. Journal of Community Psychology, 43(7), 868-877. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21717

* Liao, C. L., & Sánchez, B. (2019). Mentoring relationship quality profiles and their association with urban, low-income youth's academic outcomes. Youth & Society, 51(4), 443-462. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X16668058

* Marino, C., Santinello, M., Lenzi, M., Santoro, P., Bergamin, M., Gaboardi, M., … & Perkins, D. D. (2019). Can mentoring promote self-esteem and school connectedness? An evaluation of the Mentor-UP Project. Psychosocial Intervention, 29(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2019a13

Pickering, C., & Byrne, J. (2013). The benefits of publishing systematic quantitative literature reviews for PhD candidates and other early-career researchers. Higher Education Research & Development, 33(3), 534-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2013.841651

Preston, J. M., Prieto-Flores, Ò., & Rhodes, J. E. (2019). Mentoring in context: A comparative study of youth mentoring programs in the United States and continental Europe. Youth & Society, 51(7), 900-914. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X18813700

Prieto-Flores, Ò., y Feu, J. (2018). ¿Qué impacto pueden tener los programas de mentoría social en la sociedad? Una exploración de las evaluaciones existentes y propuesta de marco analítico. Pedagogía Social. Revista Interuniversitaria, 31, 153-167. https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2018.31.12

Pryce, J., Deane, K. L., Barry, J. E., & Keller, T. E. (2020). Understanding youth mentoring relationships: Advancing the field with direct observational methods. Adolescent Research Review, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-019-00131-z

* Raithelhuber, E. (2019a). 'If we want, they help us in any way': How 'unaccompanied refugee minors' experience mentoring relationships. European Journal of Social Work, (n/s). https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2019.1606787

Raithelhuber, E. (2019b). Turning into a "Godparent": How adult volunteers negotiate their personal life to become a mentor for "Unaccompanied Refugee Minors". Social Work and Social Welfare, 1(1): 23-36. https://doi.org/10.25082/SWSW.2019.01.003

* Raposa, E. B., Ben-Eliyahu, A., Olsho, L. E. W., & Rhodes, J. E. (2018). Birds of a feather: Is matching based on shared interests and characteristics associated with longer youth mentoring relationships? Journal of Community Psychology, 47(2), 385-397. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22127

Raposa, E. B., Dietz, N., & Rhodes, J. E. (2017). Trends in volunteer mentoring in the United States: Analysis of a decade of Census Survey Data. American Journal of Community Psychology, 59, 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12117

* Raposa, E. B., Rhodes, J. E., Stams, G. J. J. M., Card, N., Burton, S., Schwartz, S., … & Hussain, S. (2019). The effects of youth mentoring programs: A meta-analysis of outcome studies. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48, 423-443.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-00982-8

Rhodes, J. E., Reddy, R., Roffman, J., & Grossman, J. (2005). Promoting successful youth mentoring relationships: A preliminary screening questionnaire. Journal of Primary Prevention, 26, 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-005-1849-8

Rhodes, J. E., Schwartz, S. E. O., Willis, M. M., & Wu, M. B. (2017). Validating a mentoring relationship quality scale: Does match strength predict match length? Youth & Society, 49(4), 415-437. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X14531604

* Rodríguez-Planas, N. (2012). Longer-term impacts of mentoring, educational services, and learning initiatives: evidence from a randomized trial in the United States. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 4(4), 121-139. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.4.4.121

* Sánchez, B., Esparza, P., Berardi, L., & Pryce, J. (2011). Mentoring in the context of Latino youth's broader village during their transition from high school. Youth and Society, 43(1), 225-252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X10363774

* Sánchez, B., Pinkston, K. D., Cooper, A. C., Luna, C., & Wyatt, S. T. (2018). One falls, we all fall: How boys of color develop close peer mentoring relationships. Applied Developmental Science, 22(1), 14-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2016.1208092

* Schwartz, S. E. O., Rhodes, J. E., Spencer, R., & Grossman, J. B. (2013). Youth initiated mentoring: Investigating a new approach to working with vulnerable adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 52(1-2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-013-9585-3

* Silke, C., Brady, B., & Dolan, P. (2019). Relational dynamics in formal youth mentoring programs: A longitudinal investigation into the association between relationship satisfaction and youth outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 104, 104343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.05.020

* Singh, S., & Tregale, R. (2015). From homeland to home: Widening participation through the LEAP-Macquarie mentoring (refugee mentoring) program. International Studies in Widening Participation, 2(1), 15-27.

* Spencer, R., Basualdo-Delmonico, A., Walsh, J., & Drew, A.L. (2017). Breaking up is hard to do: A qualitative interview study of how and why youth mentoring relationships end. Youth & Society, 49(4), 438-460. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X14535416

* Spencer, R., Drew, A. L., Walsh, J., & Kanchewa, S. S. (2018). Girls (and Boys) Just want to have fun: A mixed-methods examination of the role of gender in youth mentoring relationship duration and quality. The Journal of Primary Prevention. 39(1), 17-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-017-0494-3

* Spencer, R., Gowdy, G., Drew, A. L., McCormack, M. J., & Keller, T. E. (2020). It takes a village to break up a match: A systemic analysis of formal youth mentoring relationship endings. Child & Youth Care Forum, 49(1), 97-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-019-09520-w

* Stewart, M., Barnfather, A., Magill-Evans, J., Ray, L., & Letourneau, N. (2011). Brief report: An online support intervention: perceptions of adolescents with physical disabilities. Journal of Adolescence, 34(4), 795-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.04.007

* Stumbo, N., Martin, J. K., Nordstrom, D., Rolfe, T., Burgstahler, S., Whitney, J., ... & Misquez, E. (2010). Evidence-based practices in mentoring students with disabilities: Four case studies. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities, 14(1), 33-54. https://doi.org/10.14448/jsesd.03.0003

Tierney, J. P., Grossman, J. B., & Resch, N. L. (1995). Making a Difference: An Impact Study of Big Brothers Big Sisters. Philadelphia: Public/Private Ventures.

* Van Dam, L., Smit, D., Wildschut, B., Branje, S. J. T., Rhodes, J. E., Assink, M., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2018). Does natural mentoring matter: A multilevel meta-analysis on the association between natural mentoring and youth outcomes. American Journal of Community Psychology, 62(1-2), 203-220. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12248

* Van Dam, L., Neels, S., De Winter, M., Branje, S., Wijsbroek, S., Hutschemaekers, G., … & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2017). Youth initiated mentors: do they offer an alternative for out-of-home placement in youth care? The British Journal of Social Work, 47(6) 1764-1780. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcx092

* Wittrup, A. R., Hussain, S. B., Albright, J. N., Hurd, N. M., Varner, F. A., & Mattis, J. S. (2019). Natural mentors, racial pride, and academic engagement among black adolescents: Resilience in the context of perceived discrimination. Youth & Society, 51(4), 463-483. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X16680546

* Wood, S., & Mayo-Wilson, E. (2012). School-based mentoring for adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Research on Social Work Practice, 22(3), 257-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731511430836

Zand, D. H., Thomson, N., Cervantes, R., Espiritu, R., Klagholz, D., LaBlanc, L., & Taylor, A. (2009). The mentor-youth alliance: The role of mentoring relationships in promoting youth competence. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.12.006